With gas-powered cars, the requirement to routinely change the engine oil is a chore that many drivers feel uncomfortable doing that. Conversely, electric cars don’t use oil or need oil changes, nor do they require transmission service or tune-ups.
As for PHEVs and HEVs, they have internal combustion engines which means their maintenance requirements are similar to those of conventional vehicles. The electrical system (battery, motor, and associated electronics) typically requires minimal scheduled maintenance, and brake systems generally last longer than those on conventional vehicles because of regenerative braking.
All-electric vehicles typically require less maintenance mainly because:
The electrical system typically require little to no maintenance over the lifetime of an electric car, but if they do require repair or replacement that isn’t covered by a warranty, the costs may be higher than those of most gas-powered car repairs.
In most cases, the batteries in electric-drive vehicles are generally designed to last for the expected lifetime of the vehicle. The advanced batteries used in these vehicles have a limited number of charging cycles (the number of times the battery can be charged and discharged, also called "cycle life"). Many manufacturers offer 8-year/100,000-mile warranties for their EV batteries.
It's normal for an EV's battery capacity to decrease over time, which can lead to a noticeable reduction in the vehicle's maximum mileage range after years of use. However, EV drivers can take certain steps to help slow down battery degradation and extend its lifespan:
Avoid fully depleting or fully charging the battery. In general, drivers should try to keep the battery level between 10 and 90 percent to help extend its life. Many models have settings that automatically prevent charging the battery to full capacity.
In gas-powered vehicles, coolant fluid is used to absorb heat from the engine. But in EVs, coolant is circulated through a loop that cools the battery and several of the electronic components.
Different EVs will have different maintenance schedules for flushing and replacing coolant, but it’s of equal importance to periodically check the coolant level, as low levels may indicate a leak and could endanger the battery.
All-electric vehicles, PHEVs, and HEVs have high-voltage electrical systems that typically range from 400 to 1,000 volts. Their battery packs are encased in sealed shells and meet testing standards that subject batteries to conditions such as overcharge, vibration, extreme temperatures, short circuit, humidity, fire, collision, and water immersion. Manufacturers design these vehicles with insulated high-voltage lines, so that can deactivate or isolate the electrical system when they detect a collision or short circuit. Also, All-electric vehicles tend to have a lower center of gravity than conventional vehicles, making them more stable and less likely to roll over.
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